Nestled in the Garhwal Himalayas at an altitude of 3,680 meters (12,073 feet), Tungnath is renowned as the highest Shiva temple in the world and is a significant pilgrimage site for Hindu devotees. It is one of the Panch Kedar temples, a group of five sacred shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva in Uttarakhand. Beyond its religious significance, Tungnath attracts nature lovers, trekkers, and those seeking peace in the lap of the Himalayas.
Mythological Importance
Tungnath holds a revered place in Hindu mythology, particularly in the legend of the Mahabharata. According to lore, after the Kurukshetra war, the Pandavas sought Lord Shiva’s blessings to atone for their sins. Shiva, wishing to avoid them, took the form of a bull and disappeared underground. It is said that his arms appeared at Tungnath, while other parts of his body appeared at the other Panch Kedar temples. Thus, the temple is worshipped as the place where Shiva’s arms (Tungan) emerged, hence the name “Tungnath.”
The Tungnath Temple
The Tungnath temple is believed to be over 1,000 years old, and its architecture reflects its ancient and sacred status. Built in the Nagara style, the temple is made of stone and sits in a serene environment surrounded by towering peaks. Despite its altitude, the temple is relatively small compared to other famous Shiva temples but exudes an aura of spiritual energy and peace.
The main deity in the temple is a Swayambhu (self-manifested) Shiva Linga, symbolizing Lord Shiva’s arms. Other deities, such as Parvati and other gods from Hindu mythology, are also worshipped here.
The Trek to Tungnath
Reaching Tungnath requires a moderate-level trek, which is a significant part of the spiritual journey. The trek starts from Chopta, a scenic hill station located at an altitude of 2,680 meters (8,790 feet). The distance from Chopta to Tungnath is approximately 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles), and it takes about 2-3 hours depending on fitness levels.
The trail is well-paved and offers breathtaking views of the snow-clad peaks of Chaukhamba, Nanda Devi, Neelkanth, and Kedarnath. The trek passes through dense forests of rhododendron and deodar, meadows filled with wildflowers, and offers glimpses of rare Himalayan fauna. The scenic beauty combined with the crisp mountain air makes the trek to Tungnath a rejuvenating experience.
Chandrashila Peak
For those seeking further adventure, the Chandrashila Peak is located just 1.5 kilometers (1 mile) from Tungnath and rises to an elevation of 4,000 meters (13,123 feet). It is a short but steep trek, rewarding adventurers with panoramic 360-degree views of some of the most majestic peaks in the Himalayas, including Nanda Devi, Trishul, Kedar Dome, Bandarpunch, and many others. Chandrashila, meaning “Moon Rock,” is believed to be the spot where Lord Rama meditated after defeating the demon king Ravana, according to legend.
Best Time to Visit Tungnath
The best time to visit Tungnath is during the summer months, from April to November, when the temple is open to visitors. During these months, the weather is pleasant, with clear skies and comfortable trekking conditions. However, it is important to note that Tungnath remains closed in winter (usually from November to April) due to heavy snowfall. The deities are shifted to Makkumath, a nearby village, where they are worshipped during the winter season.
Flora and Fauna
Tungnath and its surrounding areas are part of the Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, making it a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. The sanctuary is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including musk deer, snow leopards, Himalayan monal (state bird of Uttarakhand), and golden eagles. The area is also known for its rich vegetation, with dense forests of oak, deodar, and rhododendron carpeting the landscape.
Accommodation and Facilities
While there are no accommodations directly at Tungnath, Chopta offers a variety of options for lodging, from budget guesthouses to campsites. Many trekkers prefer to stay in Chopta and embark on the trek early in the morning to enjoy the serene beauty and spiritual ambiance of Tungnath at sunrise.
There are also basic facilities, including food stalls and water sources, along the trekking route. However, it’s always a good idea to carry essentials such as water, snacks, and a first-aid kit while trekking.
Tips for the Tungnath Trek
- Acclimatize: Since Tungnath is at a high altitude, it’s essential to acclimatize properly to avoid altitude sickness. If you’re coming from lower altitudes, spend a day or two at Chopta before starting the trek.
- Fitness Level: The trek, though short, involves steep climbs, especially toward the end. Ensure you are in moderate physical fitness before attempting the trek.
- Carry Warm Clothes: Even in summer, temperatures can drop significantly, especially in the evening. Carry warm layers, rain gear, and a good pair of trekking shoes.
- Respect Nature and Culture: Tungnath is a sacred place, and it’s crucial to respect the environment and the religious significance of the site. Avoid littering and follow the rules laid out by temple authorities.
Adventure Opportunities Around Tungnath
- Camping: Chopta and Deoria Tal are popular spots for camping under a starlit sky.
- Trekking: Explore various trails leading to Kedarnath, Madhyamaheshwar, and Rudranath.
- Birdwatching: Chopta and Deoria Tal are havens for bird enthusiasts, with sightings of Himalayan Monal and other exotic species.
Conclusion
Tungnath is not just a destination; it is an experience of spiritual and natural harmony. Whether you’re a pilgrim seeking divine blessings or a traveler chasing the thrill of the Himalayas, Tungnath offers an unparalleled combination of spiritual solace, natural beauty, and adventure. The temple, perched at the highest point of Lord Shiva’s Panch Kedar pilgrimage, coupled with the picturesque trek and stunning views from Chandrashila Peak, makes Tungnath a must-visit destination for all.
